How LinkedIn runs Kafka as its central data pipeline, including cluster tiers and mirroring between datacenters.
GitHub broke one huge push-processing job into smaller, independently retried jobs driven by Kafka events.
OpenAI's Habitat storage platform went from one shared Azure Cosmos DB container, to dedicated single-tenant containers that pushed capacity planning onto every product team, and back to a shared container by default once Azure added hot-key throttling, request-priority QoS and a new serverless mode where each physical partition scales to 10K RU/s and splits on RU usage. After failover and failback outages in late 2024, OpenAI and Azure now co-own testing and monitoring. Replicating small latency-critical datasets widely, a Valkey lookaside cache invalidated through the Cosmos DB change feed, and a Rust rewrite of the proxy cut global read p50 from about 120 ms to about 10 ms.
Netflix moved older data in its multi-petabyte TimeSeries Abstraction out of hot Cassandra storage in two steps. First, Kafka and Flink streamed events to S3 as Parquet files, which a daily job compacted into small, time-sorted row groups with Bloom filters cached in EVCache (p50 ~150 ms, p99 ~500 ms). The second design skips that streaming pipeline: a ReadOnlyCompactionStrategy aligns immutable SSTables to token ranges, and a custom pluggable Memtable (Cassandra 4.1) reads directly from existing Cassandra backups in S3. It now holds over 15 PB of compressed cold data, cut disk usage on affected clusters from 80% to 7%, and improved p90 latency by ~30%.
Netflix's Ads Event Publisher used to enrich each client ad event by looking up metadata the ad server had written to a globally replicated key-value registry. For live events with tens of millions of concurrent viewers, that meant must-succeed database writes on the ad-serving critical path, a store that couldn't safely be scaled mid-event, and late events whenever lookups slowed. Netflix replaced it with an Apache Flink job: the ad server logs its responses to Kafka, and a custom KeyedCoProcessFunction joins them to client events over a 60-minute window, which catches roughly 99.999% of events. An hourly Spark job orchestrated by Maestro recovers the rest from the data warehouse. Revenue-bearing events are de-duplicated in local Flink state keyed by a hashed event ID. Both pipelines ran side by side with automated audits, and a stable per-event key moved publishing to Flink a slice at a time, region by region. When they agreed on well over 99.99% of events, Netflix retired the legacy service and the registry. In a load test, one AWS region handled an ad break at hundreds of thousands of events per second.